English Translation Of The Egyptian Constitution 2013: Long Live Egypt

Long Live Egypt

If the United States of America and their Allies are still playing this COUP broken record of theirs and they claim that this great constitution is a Military Coup one, then please know that we are fond and proud of our coup and we are going to vote with: YES to it.

Just for the record, USA and their allies didn’t care for Egyptian Human rights when Muslim Brotherhood issued their 48 hours Middle Dark Ages 2012 Constitution and got done with it at 3:00 o’clock in the morning! USA and their allies were actually rewarding Muslim Brotherhood for killing us and dragging us to the dark ages.

Shame on USA and their Allies! Shame on Foreign News Agencies who don’t publish anything about Egypt but lies and fake news!

Egyptians will never forget US support and finance to the International Muslim Terrorist Brotherhood Organization! Egyptians never forget their enemies, the Assassins of our Children. Egyptians had enough of US insolence and barefaced double standards dirty policy in our region. Enough is enough!

I spent great efforts and time in translating these 247 articles constitution not for anything but for one purpose, to tell the whole world that whether they accept our revolution or not, accept this constitution or not, Egypt is going on the right path for real democracy and not to a Muslim Brotherhood Fascist Era. Nothing will stop Egyptians from achieving the fruitful results of the 30th of June 2013 revolution.

My comment to this constitution in one sentence: This constitution is giving full authorities to the Egyptian People. In other words: This constitution in all its articles is confirming that the Egyptian People are the only source of all the authorities. Which part you don’t understand?!

I also translated the articles of the constitution to tell International News Media and their lazy inaccurate liars reporters in Egypt, to stop lying and publish the truth just for one time in your carriers. Stop faking news about Egypt, stop smearing the reputation of Egypt and our Military. Just tell the truth and respect the press ethics, whatever this means to you!

USA do your utmost, you and your allies in stopping Millions of Egyptians will and free choices for social Justice, reforms, decent living, development,  stability and peace. Egypt is a 7000 years old great civilization, Egypt fought more than 42 Foreign Occupation countries and Egypt’s Land was always the grave of  invaders, and Egypt fought terrorism and still is fighting terrorism and Egypt is protected by God, by 87 million Egyptian and by our great Military and we are victorious.

N.B.: This is an unofficial translation. There are some translated articles of the constitution that were so difficult for me to translate  from Arabic to English but literally, in order to keep the content and meaning of the legal terms that have been issued accordingly. But I did my best in this regard so the meaning is clear and understandable as I really hope. The total votes of the committee are 50 votes. Under each article, the voting percentage of approval, abstention and objection. In case there is any misunderstanding in reading this English Translation for any of the constitution articles, please consider it as incorrect translation from my part and I personally is responsible for it, and only to consider the constitution draft issued in Arabic language in case I have put any incorrect translation that changes the original meaning. Link of the original final draft issued in Arabic is provided at the bottom of this page.

Long Live Egypt: God, Motherland, Military, People.

This translation is dedicated to all our victims and martyrs, whether civilians, military or police individuals who paid from their blood and souls, so we the Egyptian People live this moment and start moving forward to build our country, despite all conspiracies and challenges. To all mothers, children, widows and wives, to all Moderate Muslims and Christians who lost their beloved and their churches got burned during and after the Muslim Brotherhood Terrorists Era. May your souls rest in peace, we will never rest till justice takes place against Brotherhood assassins and their allies and Militias.

To the great Egyptian Military, to the Police forces, to the Intelligence, to the National Security, to everyone and anyone in Egypt and outside Egypt, to all the Arab and Gulf Countries who supported our 30/6 Revolution’s will, to the Minister of Defense General Abd Elfatah Elsisi: Thank you. If it wasn’t for you and your courage and Military Honor and Principles, we would have been by now victims of genocide committed by Brotherhood terrorists, and the world was going to watch us getting killed just like they react to Iraq, Libya and Syria…

Long live Egypt, the grave of Invaders

Part One The State

Article (1): Arab Republic of Egypt is a sovereign state, united and indivisible, a democratic republic, based on citizenship and the rule of law. Egyptian people is part of the Arab nation and work on integration and unity, and Egypt is part of the Islamic world , belong to the African continent, and is proud of its spillover Asia, and contribute to the building of human civilization.

Voters: 47 consensus (agreement of all voters)

Article (2): Islam is the state religion, and Arabic is its official language, and the principles of Islamic Sharia are the main source of legislation.

Voters: 47 approval  – No: 2

Article (3): The principles of the laws of the Egyptian Christians and Jews’s legislation are the main source of legislation governing their personal status and their religious affairs, and the choice of  their spiritual leaders.

Voters: 47 –  No: 4 –  abstentions: 1

Article (4): The sovereignty of the people alone  to practice and to protect, People are the source of authority, and safeguard its national unity, which is based on the principles of equality, justice and equal opportunities for all citizens, in the manner prescribed in the Constitution.

Voters: 47 consensus (agreement of all voters)

Article (5): The political system based on political and partisan pluralism, and the peaceful transfer of power, separation of powers and the balance between them, and the inherent responsibility with the authority, and respect for human rights and freedoms in the manner prescribed in the Constitution.

Voters: 48 consensus

Article (6): Citizenship’s right for those who are born to an Egyptian father or an Egyptian mother, and their rights of legal recognition and grant them official papers proving their personal data, a right guaranteed and organized by the law. The law defines the conditions for acquiring citizenship.

Voters: 46 Approval –   NO: 2  – abstentions: 2

Part Two basic components of society – Chapter I Social Determinants

Article (7): Al-Azhar is Islamic scientific independent institution, exclusively specializing to carry on all his affairs, which is the main reference in religious sciences and Islamic Affairs, and is in charge of advocacy and dissemination of the religion science and the Arabic language in Egypt and the world . The State is committed to provide sufficient funds to achieve its objectives. Sheikh of Al-Azhar is independent and non-insulated, and the law regulates his nomination among the members of the senior scientists.

Voters: 48  – Approval  38 –  objected:  5  – abstentions: 5

Article (8): The Society is based on Social Solidarity. The State is committed to achieve social justice and the provision of social solidarity, so as to ensure a decent life for all citizens, as regulated by law.

Voters: 48 (consensus)

Article (9): The State is committed to achieve equal opportunities for all citizens, without discrimination.

Voters: 46 ( Consensus)

Article (10): family is the basis of society, founded on religion, morality and patriotism, and the state is keen on the cohesion and stability and the consolidation of its values.

Voters: 47  -    NO: 1 – abstention: 2

Article (11): The State ensures the achievement of equality between women and men in all civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. The State to take measures to ensure the representation of women are adequately represented in parliaments as prescribed by law, and to ensure women’s right to hold public office and functions of senior management in the country and recruitment in agencies and judicial institutions, without discrimination against them. The State is committed to the protection of women against all forms of violence, and to ensure the empowerment of women to reconcile family duties and work requirements. The State also committed to provide care and protection of motherhood, childhood and women-headed households and the elderly and women most in need.

Voters: 48  -  NO: 6  – abstentions: 3

Article (12): Work is a right, duty, honor and guaranteed by the state. Shall not be bound by any citizen to be forced to work, but under the law, and the performance of a public service for a specified period, and for a certain period, and without prejudice to the fundamental rights of taxpayers to work.

Voters: 47 Approval – abstentions: 1

Article (13): The state is committed to maintain workers/labors rights, the State to work  to build a working balanced relationship between the two sides of the production process, and to ensure ways of collective bargaining, and works to protect workers from the business risks and the availability of security conditions and occupational safety and health, and prohibits the dismissal arbitrary, all as regulated by law.

Voters: 47 Approval – abstentions: 1

Article (14): Public Jobs are citizens right based on efficiency, and without bias or mediation, and is assigned to those in charge for the service of the people and the state guarantees their rights and protect them, and they perform their duties in the care of the people’s interests, and may not be dismissed without disciplinary way, except in cases specified by the law.

Voters: 47 Approval –  abstentions: 1

Article (15): Peaceful strike’s right is regulated by the law.

Voters: 47 (consensus)

Article (16): The state is committed to honor the martyrs of the nation, and care for the Victims of the Revolution, and the veterans and the injured, and the families of war missing persons War, and invalids of security operations, and their spouses and children and their parents, and the State work to provide employment opportunities for them, as regulated by law. The State encourages the contribution of civil society organizations in achieving these goals.

Voters: 48 Approval –  abstentions: 1

Article (17 ): The State ensures the provision of social insurance. Every citizen has no system of social insurance, has the right to social security including guarantees him/her a decent life if  they are not able to support themselves and their families, and in cases of incapacity for work, old age and unemployment. The state operates to provide suitable pension for small farmers and agricultural workers, fishermen, and regular employment according to the law. The funds of insurances and pensions are particular funds and enjoy all aspects and forms of protection accorded to public funds, and its returns are a right to their beneficiaries, and are invested in a safe investment, and is operated by an independent institution and according to the law. The State insures insurance funds and pensions.

Voters: 47 (consensus)

Article (18): Every citizen has the right to health in the integrated health care according to the quality standards, and the state ensures to maintain the facilities of public health services which provide services to the people, and support and work on increasing its efficiency and the geographical distribution based on equality. The state is committed to allocate a proportion of government spending for the health of not less than 3% of the Gross National Product, and to rise it gradually until it is consistent with global averages.

The State is committed to the establishment of universal health insurance system for all Egyptians covering all diseases, and the law regulates the contribution of citizens in contributions or exempt them according to the rates of their incomes. The Criminalisation of refrain from providing various forms of treatment for each person in cases of emergency or danger to life. The State is committed to improve the conditions of doctors and nursing staff and workers in the health sector. The subject of all health facilities, products and materials, and means of propaganda health-related are under the State control and the state encourages the participation of both private and public health care services in accordance with law.

Voters: 48 (consensus)

Article (19): Education is a right for every citizen, aimed at building the Egyptian character, and maintaining national identity, and rooting the scientific method of thinking, and the development of talent and encourage innovation, and inculcate the values ​​of civilization and spiritual, and the establishment of the concepts of citizenship, tolerance and non-discrimination, and the State is obliged to take into account the objectives in education curricula, methods, and supplied according to international quality standards. Education is compulsory until the end of high school or what equivalent, and the State guarantees free of charge various stages in the State educational institutions according to the law.

The state is committed to allocate a proportion of government spending for education of not less than 4% of the Gross National Product, and rising it gradually until it consistent with global averages. The State oversees Education to ensure that all schools and public institutes and private educational are committed to the State Educational policies.

Voters: 48 Approval: –  NO: 1

Article (20): The state is committed to promote the development of technical education and technical vocational training and development, and the expansion of all its types according to the international quality standards, and commensurate with the needs of the labor market.

Voters: 48 approval –  NO: 1

Article (21): The State guarantees the independence of universities and scientific and linguistic academies, and the provision of university education according to international quality standards. The state works on the development of university education and to ensure free of charge at the State’s universities and institutes according to the law. The state is committed to allocate a proportion of government spending for university education not less than 2% of the Gross National Product and increase it gradually until it consistent with global averages.

The State endeavors to encourage the establishment of private universities, which are not-for-profit, and the state is committed to ensure the quality of education in private universities and its commitment to international quality standards, and the preparation of cadres of faculty members and researchers , and the allocation of sufficient percentage of revenues for the development of the educational process and research.

Voters: 48 Approval: –  abstentions: 1

Article (22): Teachers, faculty members and their collaborators are the basic foundation of education, the State guarantees the development of scientific competency, and professional skills, and take care of their physical and moral, so as to ensure the quality of education and the achievement of its objectives.

Voters: 48 (consensus)

Article (23): The State guarantees the freedom of scientific research and encourage its institutions, as a means to achieve national sovereignty, and building a knowledge economy, sponsored researchers, inventors, and allocate a percentage of government spending not less than 1 % of Gross National product and rising it gradually until it consistent with global averages.The State guarantees ways to contribute effectively for both private and public sectors and the contribution of Egyptians abroad in the renaissance of scientific research.

Voters: 48 (consensus)

Article (24): Arabic language, religion and national history in all its stages are basic materials in the Pre-University public and private education. Universities operate on the teaching of human rights, values ​​and professional Scientific ethics  disciplines.

Voters: 48 consensus

Article (25): The State is committed to the development of a comprehensive plan to eradicate alphabetic and numeric illiteracy between citizens of all ages, the state is committed to develop implemented mechanisms with the participation of civil society institutions, according to the plan specified time.

Voters: 48 consensus

Article (26): Create a civil ranking is prohibited.

Voters: 46 Approval –  NO:  – 1 abstention -

Chapter II economic fundamentals

Article (27): The aim of the economic system is to achieve prosperity in the country through sustainable development and social justice  in order to ensure a higher rate of real growth of the national economy, and raise the standard of living, increase employment and reduce unemployment, and poverty eradication.

The state is committed to the economic system standards of transparency and corporate governance, and support axes competition and encourage investment, and balanced geographical, sectoral and environmental growth, and prevent monopolistic practices, and taking into account the balance of financial, trade and tax system fairness, and control of market mechanisms, and to ensure that the different types of ownership, and the balance between the interests of different parties, in order to preserve the rights of workers and protects the consumer.

The economic system is socially committed to ensure equal opportunities and equitable distribution of the benefits of development and reduce disparities between incomes and a commitment to a minimum wage and pensions guarantee a decent life, and a maximum in the organs of the State for each of the working wage, according to the law.

It has been voted on this article twice, the first voting result with the approval of the consensus 48 members. The second voting result 47  approved votes, and 1 abstention.

(Article 28): Productive economic activities and services and information are fundamental constituents of the national economy, and the State is obliged to protect and increase their competitiveness, and provides attractive climate for investment, and works  to increase production, promotes export, and organizes import. The state pays a special attention over medium, small and micro enterprises in all fields, and works to organize the informal sector and rehabilitation.

Voters: 48 consensus

Article (29): Agriculture is fundamental to the national economy. The State is committed to the protection and the increase of farmland and the criminalisation of lands assault, the state is also committed to the development of the countryside. Raise the living standards of its population and protect them from environmental hazards, and works on the development of agricultural and livestock production, and encourage the industries based on them.

The state is committed to provide agricultural supplies and livestock production, and the purchase of agricultural crops basic at a reasonable price to achieve a profit margin for the farmer, and in agreement with the unions and agricultural associations, also the state is committed to allocate a proportion of reclaimed land to small farmers and young graduates, and the protection of the farmer and agricultural worker from exploitation, all as regulated by the law.

Voters: 48 Approval –   refused: 1 – abstention: 1

Article (30): The state is committed to protect fisheries and to protect and support the fishermen, and enable them to conduct their business without harming ecosystems, so as regulated by the law.

Voters: 48 consensus

Article (31): The security of cyberspace is an essential part of  the economy and national security system, and the state is committed to take the necessary measures to preserve it, as regulated by the law.

Voters: 48 Approval – abstentions: 2

Article (32): The State natural resources belongs to the people, the state is committed to preserve them, and to properly exploit them, and not to depleted them, and taking into account the rights of future generations. The State is committed to work on the optimum utilization of renewable energy sources, and stimulate investment, and promote scientific research.

The state works to encourage the manufacture of raw materials, and increase the added value and in accordance with the economic feasibility. It is prohibited to dispose the state’s public properties, and the right to exploit natural resources or the commitment of public utilities law are granted for a period not to exceed thirty years.

The right of quarrying and small mines and Salinas, or grant commitment to public facilities are granted for a period not exceeding fifteen years under the law. The law determines the provisions of the act in the state own property, and organize the rules and procedures in this regard.

Voters: 46 Approval –  NO: 1 – abstention: 1

Article (33): The State protects the three kinds of properties, public property, private property and cooperative property.

Voters: 47 consensus

Article (34): sanctity of Public ownership not be compromised, and protecting it is a duty according to the law.

Voters: 47 consensus

Article (35): Private property is inviolable, and the right of its inheritance is guaranteed, and may not be placed under sequestration except in the cases specified in the law, and by judicial order, and not to be expropriated except in the public interest and against fair compensation paid in advance in accordance with the law.

Voters: 46 consensus

Article (36): The State endeavors to stimulate the private sector to perform its social responsibility to serve the national economy and society.

Voters: 47 Approval –  abstentions: 1

Article (37): Co-operative ownership is inviolable, and it is sponsored by the State and protected by the law and the law support and ensure its independence.

Voters: 48 consensus

Article (38): The aim of the tax system and other overhead costs to develop the resources of the state, and the achievement of social justice, and economic development. The generation of general taxes, or modification, or revocation is not set except by the law. And not to be exempted except in the cases specified in the law. And not to be assigned to a performance of the other taxes, or fees, except in the limits of the law.

Taking into account that the taxation to be from multiple sources. Tax on the individuals incomes are progressive and multiple slides according to their adaptive abilities. The tax system ensures the encouragement of economic activities of  intensive-labors and stimulates its role in the development of economic, social, and cultural rights.

The State is committed to upgrades the tax system, and the adoption of modern systems that achieve efficiency and convenience and provisions in tax collection. The law defines the methods and tools for the collection of taxes, fees, and any other sovereign receipts, and deposit them in the State Treasury. The performance of Taxes id a duty, and tax evasion is a crime.

Voters: 48 consensus

Article (39): savings is a national duty protected, insured and encouraged by the state, according to the regulations of the law.

Voters 48 (consensus)

Article (40): Confiscation of property is prohibited. No confiscation of private property, except by court order.

(consensus)

Article (41): The state is committed to the implementation of population program aims to achieve a balance between population growth rates and available resources, and maximize the investment in human energy and improve their properties, and within the framework of sustainable development.

(Consensus)

Article (42): The share of workers in the projects management and in the profits, and are committed to the development of production and implementation of the plan in their units and productivity according to the law. Maintaining the tools of production is a national duty. The representation of workers on the boards of public sector units is 50% of the number of elected members, and represented on the boards of public sector companies according to the law. law regulates the representation of small farmers and small craftsmen, by not less than 80% in the boards of directors of agricultural, industrial and craft cooperative associations.

(consensus)

Article (43): The State is committed to the protection of the Suez Canal and development, and preservation as an  international waterway owned by the State. The state is also committed to the development sector channel as it is an economic distinct hub. (consensus)

Article (44); The State is committed to the protection of the river Nile, and the preservation of Egypt’s historic rights related to it, and rationalize and optimize benefit from it, and not to waste water or pollute. The state is committed to the protection of groundwater, and takes the means to achieve water security and support for scientific research in this area. The right of every citizen in the enjoyment of the River Nile is guaranteed, and prohibits the infringement of the nile sanctity or harming the river environment,and the state ensures to remove encroachment as regulated by law.

(consensus)

Article (45): The State is committed to the protection of seas and beaches and lakes and waterways and natural protectorates. And prohibits infringement upon, or pollution, or use it as incompatible with the nature, and the right of every citizen in the enjoyment is guaranteed, as the State guarantees the protection and development of green space in urban areas, and the preservation of flora and fauna and fish, and to protect them from extinction or danger, and the Humane Society, so whole as regulated by law.

Voters: 48 –  objection: 2  – abstentions: 2

Article (46): Everyone has the right to a healthy environment, and protecting it is a national duty. The State is obliged to take the necessary measures to preserve it, with no harm to it, and the rational use of natural resources to ensure sustainable development, and to ensure the rights of future generations.

(consensus)

Chapter III Culture Constituents

Article (47): The State is committed to preserve the Egyptian culture and all its cultural varieties joists.

Voters: 47 Approval –  objection: 1

article (48): culture is a right for every citizen, the state is committed to support it and to provide cultural materials of all kinds for all people’s categories, without discrimination based on financial ability or geographic location, or otherwise. The state takes a special care of  remote areas and those most in need. The State encourages the movement of translation from and into Arabic.

(consensus)

Article (49): The State is committed to the protection of monuments and preserve them, and takes care of their areas, and the maintenance, restoration, and recovery of the seized upon them, and organizes and supervises excavation. It is prohibited to give  or swap anything from them. And prohibited to assault or trafficking and it is a no statute of limitations crime.

Voters: 48 Approval  – abstentions: 1

Article (50): Egypt heritage of  civilization, culture, moral and material in all its diversity and grand stages, ancient Egyptian, Coptic, and Islamic, national and humanely wealth is the commitment of the state to maintain it and protect it, as well as the balance of contemporary architectural cultural, literary and various artistic and its diversity, and the attack on any of this is a punishable crime by the law. The state pays special attention to maintain the components of cultural pluralism in Egypt.

Voters: 47  -  abstentions: 5

Part III: The Public Rights, Freedoms and Duties

Article (51): Dignity is a right of every human being, and not be compromised, and the State is obliged to respect it and protect it.

Voters: Approval 44

Article (52): Torture in all its forms and manifestations is a no statute of limitations Crime.

Voters: Approval 43

Article (53): Citizens are equal before the law, they are equal in rights and freedoms and duties, without discrimination because of religion, or creed, or gender, origin, race, color, language, or disability, or social status, or political or geographic affiliation, or any other reason. Discrimination and incitement to hatred is a crime punishable by the law. The State is obliged to take the necessary measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination, and the law regulates the establishment of independent commission for this purpose.

Voters:  43  – Approval:  38  – No: 5

Article (54): Personal freedom is a natural right, which shall not be touched, and except in the case of flagrante delicto, no one to be arrested or patted down, or imprisoned, or get any freedom restriction except by a causal judicial warrant required by the investigation.

Should be promptly notified any case of freedom restriction, and he/she get acknowledged of his/her rights in written, and can connect with his/her family and his/her lawyer immediately, and to be submitted to the authority of the investigation within  Twenty four hours from the restriction time of his/her freedom.

It is prohibited to begin interrogation without the presence of his/her  lawyer, and if there is no lawyer, they have the right to assign a lawyer, while providing the necessary assistance to people with disabilities, in accordance with procedures prescribed by the law.

Each of whose freedom is restricted and others have the right to appeal in court from this procedure and it must be finalized within a week of the procedure, otherwise he/ she to be released immediately.

The law regulates the provisions of custody, and duration, and its causes, and cases of compensation entitlement which is abide by the state for remand, Or on the implementation of a verdict issued by definitive judgement to cancel the executed rule thereunder.

In all cases, the accused may not be trialed for crimes that may require imprisonment, but at the presence of a lawyer or assigned counsel.

Votes: 46 – Approval: 43 – Refrains: 2 – objector: 1

Article (55): Each of the arrested, or imprisoned, or deprived of his / her  liberty must be treated including the preservation of his dignity, and not to be tortured, not intimidating, nor coercion, nor physically or morally harmed, nor be booked, or imprisoned except in designated decent, humane and healthy areas.  The state is committed to provide the means of access for people with disabilities. And contrary none of that offense shall be punished according to the law. The accused have the right to remain silent. Any statement to prove that he was released from custody under any of the foregoing, the threat or something of it, shall be null and not reliable.

Votes: 46 Approval-  refrain: 2  – rejection: none.

Article (56): jail is a reform and rehabilitation. Prisons and places of detention are subject to judicial supervision , prohibits all of the contrary to human dignity, or displays health of jailed at risk. The law regulates the provisions of the reform and rehabilitation of sentenced persons, and facilitate access to decent life for them after their release.

Approved: All.

Article (57): The private life has sanctity, which not to be touched. Postal Correspondence, telegraphic , electronic, telephone conversations, and other means of communication are inviolable and its confidentiality is guaranteed, may not be confiscated, or see it, or monitored except by a causal judicial warrant, and for a specified period, and in cases prescribed by the law. Also the state is committed to protect citizens right  to use the public means of communication in all its forms, and may not be disabled or discontinued or arbitrarily deprive citizens of them, and it is regulated by the  law.

Approval: 48 members “consensus”

Article (58): Homes have sanctity, and except in cases of danger or distress they may not be entered, or inspected, and monitored or tapped except by a causal judicial warrant, determines the location, timing, and the purpose of it, and all of that in the circumstances set forth in the law, and in the manner prescribed by, and should be alert of the house when they enter or inspect, and inform them of the order issued in this regard.

Approval: 47 votes – 1 voice did not participate.

Article (59): Secured Life is the right of every human being, and the state is committed to provide security and peace of mind for their citizens, and every resident on its territory.

Approval: 46 – 2  did not take part.

Article (60): The human body has sanctity and it is inviolable and assault him, or distorted, or distorting it ,is a punishable crime by the law. Prohibits trafficking in organs, prohibits to medically or scientifically experiment in a human body without his free documented choice, according to the stable foundations in the field of medical science, as regulated by the law.

Approved: 47 – Objection: 1

Article (61): To donate tissues and organs are a gift of life, and each human right to donate the organs of his body during his lifetime or after his death under the approval or commandment documented, and the State is committed to establish a mechanism to regulate the rules of organ donation and cultivation according to the law.

Approval:  43  – Objectors: 3

Article (62): freedom of movement, residence, immigration is guaranteed. Prohibited to deport any citizen on the territory of the State, prohibited to prevent him from returning to it. The citizen is not to be prevented from leaving the territory of the State, or the imposition of house arrest, or prohibit residence in a particular destination, except by a causal judicial warrant and for a specific period, and in the circumstances set forth in the law.

Approval by 48 members “Consensus”

Article 63: Prohibits arbitrary forced displacement of citizens in all its forms and manifestations, and violation of that is no statute of limitations Crime.

Approval of 46 member  – Objections: 2.

Article (64): Freedom of belief is absolute. And the freedom of religious practice and the establishment of houses of worship to the owners of the heavenly religions, the right to be regulated by the law.

Approval of 36 members – Objections: 8  (i.e. 75% of attendees)

Article (65): Freedom of thought and opinion is guaranteed. Everyone has the right to express his opinion by saying, or writing, or photography, or other means of expression and publication.

Approval 43 out of 48 votes.

Article (66): Freedom of Scientific research is guaranteed, and is committed to state-sponsored researchers and inventors to protect their innovations and work on the application.

Approved: consensus

Article (67): freedom of artistic creativity is guaranteed, and the state is committed to the advancement of the arts and literature, and care for the creators and the protection of their creations, and to provide the necessary means to do so. Prohibited to lift or move the proceedings to stop or confiscates works of art, literary and intellectual or against the creators only by the public prosecutor, and do not impose a custodial crimes committed because of publicly artistic or literary Product. Crimes related to inciting violence or discrimination between citizens or delve in the reputation of individuals, identifies by the  law sanctions.

And The Court in this case requires the convicted person to compensate the penalty for the damaged person of the crime, in addition to the original compensation owed ​​to him due to the resulted damages, all in accordance with the law.

Approval of 41 members

Article (68): Information, data, statistics and official documents belong to the people, and disclosed From various sources, a right guaranteed by the state for every citizen, and the State is committed to provide and make them available to citizens with transparency, and the law regulates the access, the availability and confidentiality, and the rules of the data entry and saving, and the appeal of the refusal to give it, and the law punishes information withhold or intentionally giving false information.

The institutions of the state are committed to deposit official documents after the completion of the period of work by the National Archives House , and protect and secure from loss or damage, and the restoration and digitization by all means and modern tools according to the law.

Approved by 46 members – Objection: 2.

Article (69): The State is committed to protect intellectual property rights of various kinds in all fields, and establish a specialized competent system to take care of those rights and legal protection, regulated by the  law. -

Approved: All.

Article (70): Freedom of the press, printing and publishing paper and audio-visual and e-mail is guaranteed, and the Egyptians of persons natural or legal person, public or private, the right of ownership and the publication of newspapers and create ways radio and television, and digital media. Newspapers are issued as soon as the notification as regulated by law. The law regulates the procedures for the establishment and owns radio stations and the visual and electronic newspapers.

Approval of 46 members – Objection: 1.

(Article 71) Prohibits any control on newspapers and Egyptian media or forfeiture, suspension or closure. May be an exception to censor specific forth in time of war or public mobilization. Nor to  impose a custodial punishment on publication or publicity. As for the related crimes of inciting violence or discrimination between citizens or damage the reputation of individuals, these are determined by law sanctions. and the Court in these conditions require the convicted person to compensate the damaged person from the crime, in addition to the the original compensation resulted from damages, all in accordance with the law.

Approval of 43 member – refrain: 2 –  opposition: 1

Article (72); The State is committed to ensure the independence of its own news organizations and the media, in order to ensure impartiality, and expression of all views and political trends, intellectual and social interests, and ensures equality and equal opportunities in addressing the public.

Approval: All.

Article (73): Citizens have the right to organize public meetings, processions and demonstrations, and all forms of peaceful protests, unarmed of any type, and to be notified as regulated by the law. Right of the peaceful Special Meeting  is guaranteed, without the need for prior notice and may not be for the security men to attend or monitor, or tapping it.

Approved by the session with 45 votes – 1 abstention  – opposition : 2

(Article 74): The citizens have the right to form political parties, to be notified and regulated by the law. And may not be engaging in any political activity, or do political parties based on religion, or on the basis of discrimination on grounds of sex, origin, or on the basis of sectarian or geographic, or exercise hostile activity to the principles of democracy, or a secret, or a nature military or quasi-military. Parties shall not be resolved  without a court order.

Approved by 45 votes – abstention: 2 – Opposition: 1

Article (75): The citizens have the right to form associations and institutions on a democratic basis, and shall have legal personality once it is notified. And operates freely, and may not have the interference of administrative bodies in its affairs, or dissolves their boards of directors or boards of trustees except by court order. Prohibits the establishment or continuation of associations or NGOs have its or their activities a secret or have a military character or quasi-military, all as regulated by the  law.

Approved by:  45 votes – the abstention of 2 votes – the opposition voice: 1

Article (76): The creation of syndicates and unions on the basis of a democratic right guaranteed by law. It shall have legal personality, and operate freely, and contribute to raise the level of efficiency among its members and defend their rights and protect their interests. The State guarantees the independence of the trade unions and federations, may not be dissolved boards of directors without a court order, may not create any of these irregular bodies.

Approved by :46 votes –  abstention : 1 –  oppose: 1

Article (77): The law regulates the establishment of trade unions and management on a democratic basis, and ensures  its independence and identifies resources, and its members registration methods, and held accountable for their conduct in the exercise of their professional activity, according to the professional codes of ethics. Prohibits to create more that one union to organize professions, Only one union. May not be placed under sequestration or intervention of administrative bodies in their affairs, and may not be dissolved boards of directors without a court order, and it is consulted on projects related to its laws.

Approved by 44 votes.

Article (78): The State guarantees the right to adequate housing, safe and healthy, in order to preserve human dignity and achieve social justice.

The State is committed to the development of a national plan for housing that takes into account privacy environmental, and ensure that the contribution of self-initiatives and cooperative in the implementation, and regulates the use of the territory of the state, and to provide basic facilities in the urban framework planning of cities and villages constructions.

And a strategy for the distribution of the population, including the public interest and improves the quality of of life for citizens and preserves the rights of future generations. The state also committed to develop a comprehensive national plan to face the problem of slums and remote areas include re-planning and the provision of infrastructure and facilities.

The state is committed to improve the quality of life and public health, and ensures the provision of the necessary resources for implementation during specified period of time.

Approved: All.

Article ( 79): Every citizen has the right to a healthy and sufficient food and clean water, and the state is committed to secure food resources for all citizens. The state ensures food sovereignty in a sustainable manner, and to ensure preservation of agricultural’s biodiversity and varieties of native plants to maintain the rights of future generations. -

Approved by: 45 votes – abstention: two members – rejected: 1.

Article (80): Any citizen who did not attained 18 years old, is a child. And every child has the right to a name and identification papers, and free compulsory vaccination, and health care and family or alternative family, and basic nutrition, and safe haven, and religious education, and affection and cognitive development.

The State guarantees the rights of children with disabilities and their rehabilitation and reintegration into society. The sate is committed to the state child welfare and protection of all forms of violence, abuse and ill-treatment and sexual commercial exploitation.

Every child has the right to early education in the childhood Center until the age of six, and prohibits child labor before surpassed the age of completion of basic education, also prohibits the operation in business by being at risk. The state is also committed to create a special legal victims and witness system for children. The child may not be held criminally accountable or detained, except in accordance with the law and for the period specified therein.

The state is committed to provide the child with legal assistance, and be held in suitable places and separate from the places of adults detention, and the state works to achieve the best interest of the child in all procedures taken towards the child.

Approval: 42 –  abstention: 1  – Refused: 1  -  did not participate: 1

Article (81): The State is committed to ensure the rights of persons with disabilities and dwarfs. The state is committed to take care of them healthy, economically, socially, culturally, and entertainment and sports and education, and the provision of job opportunities with the allocation percentage to them. The state is committed to create  public utilities and the environment surrounding them, and the practice of all political rights, and integrate them with other citizens, in line with the principles of equality, justice and equal opportunities.

Approval: 43 – objection: 1

Article (82): The State ensures the care of youth and new generations, and work on discovering their talents and develop their cultural, scientific, psychological, physical and creativity, and encourage them to work as teamwork and volunteerism, and enable them to participate in public life.

Approved: consensus.

Article (83): The State is committed to ensures elderly rights of  healthy, economically, socially, culturally, entertainment and the provision of appropriate pension guarantees them a decent life, and enable them to participate in public life. And take into account the state’s planning for elderly needs of public facilities. The state also encourages civil society organizations to participate in the care of the elderly. All of this is as regulated by the law.

Approved by 48 out of 48 members.

Article (84): Sports is a right for all. The state is committed through the institutions of the state and society to discover talented athletes and to take care of them, and to take the necessary measures to encourage exercise and sports. The law regulates and organize sport affairs and sport civil institutions in accordance with international standards, and how to settle sports disputes.

Approved by 47 members out of 48 members.

Article (85): Everyone has the right to address public authorities in writing and sign it, The state not to be addressed in the name of groups, but for juridical persons.

Voted: consensus.

Article (86): Maintain national security is a duty, and national security’s observance of everyone is a national responsibility guaranteed by the law. The Defense and the Protection of the homeland is an honor and a sacred duty. Recruitment is mandatory according to the law. -

Approval: consensus 48 votes.

Article (87): Citizen’s participation in public life is a national duty, and every citizen has the right to vote and run for office and express opinion on the referendum, and the law directly regulates these rights, and shall be exempt from this duty in specific cases prescribed by the law.

The State is committed to the inclusion of the name of every citizen base Data voters without asking them when they meet the terms of the voters. The state is also committed to purify this rule periodically according to the law. The state guarantees the safety procedures for referendums and the impartiality and integrity of the elections. Prohibits the use of public money and government departments and public facilities and houses of worship and institutions, the business sector, associations and institutions for the purposes of political or electoral propaganda.

Approved: consensus by 48 members.

Article (88): The State is committed to safeguard the interests of Egyptians living abroad, and to protect them and to ensure their rights and freedoms, and enable them to perform their duties in public about the state and society and their contribution to the development of the nation. The law regulates their participation in elections and referendums in accordance with their conditions, without being bound in the provisions of voting, counting and announcement of the results set out in this Constitution. All while providing guarantees that ensure the integrity of the election process or referendum and neutrality.

Approved consensus by 48 members.

Article 89: Prohibits all forms of slavery, oppression and forced exploitation human beings, and the sex trade, and other forms of trafficking in human beings, the law criminalizes all that. -

Approval of 47 members –  abstention: 1

Article (90): The State is committed to promotes a charitable trust to establish care institutions, scientific, cultural, health, social and other, and to take care of them and to ensure its independence, and managed its affairs in accordance with the terms of standing, and regulated by the law.

Return to vote e-Reader: abstention: 2 – approved: 45 – Objector: 1.

Article (91): The state grants political asylum to every persecuted foreigner for defending the interests of the peoples or human rights, peace or justice. Extradition of political refugees is prohibited, and all in accordance with the law.

Approval of a total of 43 members.

Article (92): The rights and freedoms inherent in the person of the citizen do not accept disruptive or detraction. Nor shall any law regulates the practice of the rights and freedoms to be restricted as to prejudice its origin and essence.

Approval by 43 members.

Article (93): The state is committed to the International Human Rights conventions and agreements ratified by Egypt, and become the force of law after being published in accordance with the conditions prescribed.

Approval of 40 members – Objection: 8

Part IV rule of law

Article 94: The rule of law is the basis of governance in the country. And the State is subject to the law, and the independence of the judiciary, immunity, impartiality are basic safeguards to protect the rights and the freedoms.

Approved by final : 46 votes – abstention: 1

Article 95: Personal Punishment. No crime or punishment to take place except under the law, punishment doesn’t take place except except by court injunction. No punishment takes place but only for acts committed subsequent to the effective date of the law.

Approved by: 46 voice – rejected: 2.

Article 96: The defendant is presumed innocent until proven guilty in a fair legal trial that guarantees the right to defend himself. The law regulates the resumption of sentences in felonies. The state provides protection for victims and witnesses and defendants and informants when it is appropriate, in accordance with the law.

Approved: consensus

Article 97: The right to litigate is guaranteed for all. The state is committed to bring the parties to litigation, and works to speed the disposition of cases, and prohibits immunize any administrative action or decision from judicial review, nor person trialed, but in front of the courts judge, and special courts are prohibited.

Approved: consensus 48 voters.

Article 98: The right to defend in person or by proxy is guaranteed. And independence of the legal profession of attorneys and the protection of their rights is guaranteed to ensure the right of defense. The law guarantees  all means to resort to justice, and defend the rights of these who are financially incapable.

Approved: final consensus.

Article 99: For every attack on personal freedom or citizens private lives, and other public rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution and the Law, is a crime that doesn’t fall for statute of limitations. And its criminal and civil results don’t fall for statute of limitations.

The harmed person has the right for direct prosecution. The State guarantees fair compensation for those who suffered the attack, and the National Council for Human Rights to inform the prosecution for any violation of these rights, and may intervene in a civil action joining the harmed person at his request, and in the manner prescribed by the law.

Approved: 45 votes –  Objection: 2 –  abstention: 1

Article 100: Judgments are carried out on behalf of the people. The state ensures the means of implementation as regulated by the law. The refrain from or delay in executing the part of the concerned public officials, is punishable crime by the law, and the victim in this case has the right to raise a direct criminal case to the concerned court. And the Public Prosecutor’s Office at the request of the victim, moves the criminal case against the employee who refused to implement the ruling or disabled the offending.

Approved: consensus.

Part V Regime System – First chapter (The Legislature Authority) – House of Representatives

Article (101): The House of Representatives handles the power of legislation, and the adoption of public policy of the state, and the general plan for economic development, and social, and the state budget, and exercises control over the actions of the executive authorities, all as set forth in the Constitution. -

Vote: of 47 members consensus.

Article (102) The Council of Representatives forms of not less than four hundred and fifty members, elected by direct confidential ballot. Required in candidate for membership of the Council to be an Egyptian, enjoying civil and political rights, obtained a certificate of completion at least basic education, and not less than twenty-five years old from the day of elections candidacy.

The law shows other conditions for elections candidacy, the election system, and the division of constituencies, including taking into account equitable representation of the population, and the provinces, and equal representation for voters, and it may be taking the individually or list electoral system or to combine in any percentage between them.

The President of the Republic may appoint a number of members in the House of Representatives which is not more than 5%, and the law specifies how they are nominated.

Voters: consensus approval.

Article (103): The member of the House of Representatives is dedicated to membership functions and retains his post or work according to the law.

Voters: consensus approval.

Article 104: The member of the house of Representatives make the following oath in front of the House of Representatives before starting  his/her work: “I swear by Almighty God to uphold the Republican system, to respect the Constitution and the law, and fully safeguard the interests of the people and to safeguard the independence of the country and the unity and territorial integrity.”

Approval of 47 votes.

Article (105): The member of house of representatives earns remuneration determined by the law. And if the reward is adjusted, the amendment is not implemented, but starting from the next legislative which decides it.

Approval: consensus.

Article (106): The period for membership in the Council of Representatives is five years, starting from the date of its first meeting. And the new Council is elected during the sixty days prior to the expiry of its period.

Approval: consensus.

Article (107): The Cassation court is concerned of the lawsuit of the membership validity of the House of Representatives, and appeals are submitted to the Cassation court within a period not exceeding thirty days from the date of announcement of the final result of the election. The Cassation court decides the appeal verdict within sixty days from the date of presentation. In the case of invalidating judgment of the membership, it is void from the date of the council’s decision notification.

Approval by 46 votes.

Article (108): If the member’s place of the House of Representatives became vacant, before the expiry of six months at least, his place should be filled according to the law within sixty days from the date of the council’s vacant place report.

Approval by 46 votes.

Article (109): The member of the Council for the duration of membership is not allowed to buy, or rent, in particular, or through an intermediary, nothing in state funds , or any of the persons of public law, or public sector companies, or public business sector, and rent or sell a bit of money, or bartered it, and do not conclude  commitment contract, or the supply of, or contractor, or any other. And all of these behaviors are void.

The member should provide financial disclosure, when membership is filled, and when the member leaves at the end of each year. If the member receives a gift or cash or any kin of gifts due to membership or its occasion, the gift ownership goes to the State Treasury. All this in a way that is organized by the law.

Approval of 46 members – abstentions : 2.

Article (110): It may not drop the membership of a member only if  the member loses the confidence and consideration, or loses one of the conditions for membership which the member was elected on the basis of, or in breach of its obligations and duties. The decision to drop a Membership  is handled by the majority of two-thirds of the House of Representatives members.

Approval: 48 members

Article (111): The House of Representatives accepts resignation of its members, and must be submitted in writing, and condition to accept it, that the Council had not begun in the action of dropping the membership against the member before the resignation submission date.

Approval:  45 members

Article (112 ): The member of the of the House of Representatives is not to be questioned about his views related to the performance of his work in the Assembly or its committees.

Approval by 48 members consensus.

Article (113): Only in cases of flagrante delicto, it may not be taken any criminal procedure against a member of the House of Representatives in felonies and misdemeanors articles, but with a prior permission of Parliament. A permission should be taken from the council, and notify the council at the first held session to inform about taken procedure. This in case of the session non-role. In any case, the council take a decision in relation to taking criminal procedure against the member within thirty days at most, Otherwise the request will considered acceptable.

Votes: Consensus.

Article ( 114): The headquarter of the House of Representatives is in Cairo city. In case of  exceptional circumstances, the House of Representatives  held its meetings in another place at the request of the President, or one-third of the members of the Council. Otherwise, The meeting of the Council and any issued decisions by the council will be considered void.

Votes: Consensus.

Article (115): The President of the Republic calls the Council of Representatives to held a meeting for the Ordinary annual cycle before the first Thursday of the month of October. If meeting is not called by the President, the Council held the meeting according to the constitution in the specified day. The Ordinary annual cycle continues for a period of at least nine months, and the president disengage the cycle of the meeting after the Council’s approval, and it may not be taken place for the Council before the adoption of the the state’s public budget.

Approval of 48 members – Consensus.

Article (116): The House of Representatives may held an extraordinary meeting to consider urgent matter at the invitation of the President of the Republic, or a request signed by at least ten members of the parliament.

Approval of 48 members – Consensus.

Article (117): The House of Representatives elect a President and two deputies among its members at the first meeting of its ordinary annual session for a legislature cycle, if one of the posts became vacant, the Council elects a replacement, and the internal regulation determines the procedures of the election.

In the case of a breach of  obligations of the elected president or the two deputies, one-third of the members of the Council have the right to exempt any of them, and issue a decision by a majority of two-thirds of the members. In all cases, the elected president or any of  the two deputies may not be elected more than two legislative consecutive cycles.

Approval : Consensus.

Article (118): The Council of Representatives put  its internal regulation to organize its functions, and how it practices its powers, and the maintenance of internal order, and it is issued by the law.

Approval of: Consensus.

Article (119): The Council of Representatives to maintain order inside, and it is handled by the President of the Council.

Approval of :  47 members –  abstention: 1

Article 120: The sessions of the Council of Representatives are public. And the President of the Republic or the Prime Minister or the President of the Council or at least 20 Parliament members may ask the council to held a closed session. Then the council decide with the majority of its members whether or not to held a public or closed session to discuss the issue in subject.

Approval: 48 members consensus.

Article (121): The meeting of the Council is not correct and its decisions are not applicable, but with the attendance of the majority of its members. There are conditions which require a special majority meeting. But otherwise, the decisions are issued by absolute majority of the attendants. When Equal views of the council take place, the issue that has been handled will be rejected.

The approval of laws is issued by the absolute majority attendants, with at least  third of the members of the Council. The complementary laws are issued with the approval of two-Thirds of the members council. The laws regulate the presidential elections, and parliamentary, and local, political parties, the judiciary, and laws related to judicial institutions and bodies, and the organization of the rights and freedoms contained in the Constitution and  it is complementing it.

Approval of :46 members – Abstentions: 2

Article 122: The President of the Republic, and the Ministers Council, and each member of the House of Representatives to propose laws.

All law projects presented by the government, or presented from ten members of the Council are transmitted to the competent committees of the House of Representatives, for examination and to be reported to the Council. The committee may take the advice of experts for the issue in subject.

Any Law proposal by a parliament member is not transmitted nor referred to the relevant committee, unless it is allowed by the competent committee and the Council approval. If the Committee rejects the proposed law, The committee should provide the reasons of rejection. Every law project or law proposal rejected by the Council, may not be allowed for a second time presentation again in the same session role itself.

Approval of 47 votes –  abstention: 1

Article 123: The President of the Republic has the right to issue laws or to object them. If The President of the Republic Objected a law project that was approved by the the House of Representatives, his response to it within thirty days of Council’s reporting to the President And if There is no response to the Law project within this date, the law draft will be considered a law and it will be issued.

If the response of the President to the council is within the specified period, and it is approved by the majority of the thirds of the council members, the law draft will be considered a law and it will be issued.

Votes: Approval Consensus.

Article (124): The General State Budget includes all its revenue and expenditure without exception. Its Project to be presented to the House of Representatives by at least ninety days from the start of the fiscal year. The budget is not executed but with the council’s agreement on it. And the votes are taken on each section.

The Council may amend expenditure in the budget’s draft, except what is received pursuant to a specific obligation on the state. If consequent amendment increase in total expenses, the council agrees with the government to measure the sources of revenue to achieved re- balance between the two.

T​he budget law may include an amendment in the existing law to the necessary extent to achieve this balance. In all cases, the budget law may not include any text that would put new  burdens on citizens. The law determines the fiscal year, and the method of preparation of the general budget, and the provisions of institutions budgets and public bodies and their accounts.

The council must approve to transfer any amount from one section to another from the general budget sectors,  and also on every expense that was not included in it, or in excess of its estimates, and the approval is issued by the law.

Approval of : 44 members –  objection: 3 members.

Article (125):  The final account of the general budget of the state and the annual report of the central bank and its remarks on the final account, must be presented to the House of Representatives during a period not exceeding six months from the date of the end of the fiscal year. The council may require any accounts or any other data or reports from the central bank.

Approval of :47 members – Objection: 1.

Article (126): The law regulates the basic rules for the collection of public funds and the procedures for disbursement.

Approval of 45 members –  abstentions: 3

Article 127: The executive authority may borrow, or obtain financing, or link to a project that is not included in the general approved budget entailing expenditure of funds from the state treasury for a future period, but only after the approval of the House of Representatives. -

Approval of 44 members –  abstentions: 3  – rejected: 1

Article (128): The law shows rules for determining salaries and pensions, compensation, benefits and bonuses, which are decided on the state treasury, and identifies exceptions of them, and those which holds the application.

Approval by 47 members.

Article (129): Each member of the House of Representatives to address questions about any subjects within the competences of the Prime Minister or one of his deputies or any of  the Ministers or their deputies, and they have to answer these questions. The member may withdraw his question at any time, but may not transfer the question to interrogation in the same session.

Approve 45 members –  abstention: 3

Article (130): Each member of the House of Representatives to address questions to the Prime Minister or one of his deputies, or any of the Ministers or their deputies, to hold them accountable for matters within their competences.

The Council discuss the questioning after at least seven days from the date of submission, and a maximum of sixty days, except in urgency cases as the council it, and after the approval of the government.

Approval of 43 members  – abstention: 3 – objector: 1 – and the lack of one member participation.

Article 131: The House of Representatives may decide to withdraw confidence from the Prime Minister or one of his deputies, or one of the Ministers or their deputies. And the request to withdraw confidence may not presented but after the questioning.

The request to withdraw confidence is based on suggestion of at least ten members of the council. The council issue its decision after discussing the interrogation, and withdraw confidence by the  majority of the members.

In all cases, it may not request withdrawal of confidence in a matter which the council has decided about, previously in the session itself. And if the Council decided to withdraw confidence from the Prime Minister, or of a vice or a minister, or their deputies, and the government declared its solidarity with him before the vote, the government must resign. And if the decision to withdraw confidence relates to one of the members of the government, he is obliged to resign.

Approval of the 45 member  – abstention: 1 –  objector: 2

Article (132): It is allowed for at least twenty members of the House of Representatives to ask to discuss a general topic in order to clarify the government’s policy on it.

Approval: Consensus.

Article (133): For each member of the House of Representatives to make a proposal or urgent statement to the Prime Minister, or one of his deputies, or one of the ministers or their deputies.

Approval:  47 members – abstention: 1.

Article (134): for each member of the House of Representatives to submit a request for information or an urgent statement to the Prime Minister or to one of his deputies, or one of the  Ministers or their deputies, in general matters of urgent importance.

Approval of 47 members –  abstention: 1

Article (135): The members of the House of Representatives to form a special committee, or entrust any of its committees for fact-finding in general topic, or examine the activities of any of the administrative bodies, or public bodies, or public projects, and the purpose of finding the facts in a particular subject, and to inform the Council of the actual financial status or administrative, or economic, or investigations conduct in any subject related to one of the previous work or other. The Council decides what he deems appropriate in this regard.

In order for The committee to carry out its mission,  to collect what it sees from evidences, and ask to hear who the committee wants to hear his testimony, and on all sides to respond to the request of the  committee, and to put at the disposal of the committee what it requires of  documents or otherwise. In all cases, each member of the House of Representatives has the right to obtain any data or information from the executive Authority related to the performance of his work in the Council.

Approval of 43 members – Objection: 4 – did not vote: 1.

Article (136): The Prime Minister and his deputies, Ministers and their deputies to attend meetings of the House of Representatives, or one of its committees, and their presence is mandatory at the request of the Council, and their use of those who they see the senior staff. Should listen to them whenever they asked to speak, and they have to respond to the issues under discussion without having counted vote when taking opinion. -

Voice 47 approval –  abstention: 1

Article (137 ): It is not permissible for the President of the republic to dissolve the House of Representatives but only when necessary, and with a reasoned decision, after a referendum of the people, and the council may not be dissolved for the same reason of the previous council.

The President of the Republic issues a decision to stop the meetings of the Council, and runs a referendum on the dissolving  during  twenty days at the most, If approved by a majority of participants in the referendum with valid votes, the President issues the decision of the dissolving, and calls for new elections within thirty days from the date of the decision issuance. The new council meets during the ten days following the announcement of the final result.

Approved:  40 member, objection: seven members – abstention: 1.

Article (138): Every citizen makes his/her written proposals to the House of Representatives on general issues, and submits complaints to the council to be referred to the relevant ministers, and they have to provide their explanations concerning the complaint, if requested by the Council. The concerned person to be informed of the result of the complaint.

Approval of 47 members –  abstention: 1.

Chapter II (Executive Authority) Of The Regime Section

I – President Of The Republic

Article (139): The President is the head of the state and the head of the executive Authority, sponsor the people’s interests and preserve the homeland independence and territorial integrity and adheres to the provisions of the Constitution and proceed with his competences as clarified by the constitution.

Votes: 49 approval  without objection or abstention

Article (140): The president is elected for a period of four years starting from the following day of  the expiration of term of his predecessor, and may not be re-elected but only once. The procedures for electing the president start before the end of the presidential term by hundred and twenty days at least, and the result must be announced before the end of this period with at least thirty days. The president of the Republic may not hold any partisan post for the presidency duration

Approval: 48 – Abstention: 1

Article (141): Whoever is nominated as President of the Republic must be an Egyptian born to Egyptian parents, and should not have been carrying, or any of the parents or Wife, citizenship of another country, and enjoying civil and political rights, and that he has served in the Military service or has been exempted by the law, and shall not be less age than 40 years old on the day of candidacy, and the law defines the other conditions for candidacy.

Voting: 46 agree – abstention:  1  -  objection: 1 – did not participate : 1

Article (142): It is required to accept the candidacy for the presidency that the candidate gets recommended by  at least twenty members of the House of Representatives, or to be supported by not less than twenty-five thousand citizens who have the right to vote in fifteen governorates at least and to maintain at least a minimum of a thousand supporters of each governorate of the 15. In all cases, it is not allowed to support more than one candidate by the same voters, so as regulated by the law.

votes: approved by  49 agreed

Article (143): The President is elected by direct general confidential suffrage, and this is by absolute majority of valid votes, the law regulates the procedures for electing the President of the Republic.

Approval: 49 agreed

Article (144): Before the President takes office, he makes the oath in front of the House of Representatives, which is as follows: “I swear by Almighty God to loyally uphold the Republican system, to respect the Constitution and the law, and fully safeguard the interests of the people  and to safeguard the independence of the nation and the territory unity and integrity .” The Oath sworn to be in front of  the General Assembly of the Constitutional Supreme Court in the case there isn’t a House of Representatives.

Rating: 48 agree, – did not participate: 1  member.

Article (145): The law determines the salary of the President, and he is not to receive any salary or other remuneration, nor gets any modification on the salary during the term of the presidency.

The President of the Republic is not allowed to carry on throughout the duration of his tenure, in particular, or through an intermediary, a freelancer profession, or a business, or financial, or industrial, not to buy, or rent any state funds, or any of the public law persons, or public sector companies, or public business sector, not to rent, or sell something of his money to them, nor should it be bartered, nor to enter into a contract with them, or the supply of, or contractor, or other.

It is void any of these behaviors. The President of the Republic should provide financial disclosure when he takes office, and when he leaves, and in the end of each year, and publish the financial disclosure in the Official Newspaper.

The President of the Republic is not allowed to give himself any medals or decorations. If he in particular or through mediation receive a gift of cash, or any other kind of gifts because of the post or the occasion of the post, the ownership of it goes to the State Treasury.

Votes: 45 agree – abstention: 1 – did not participate : 3 members.

Article (146): The president of the Republic charge to Prime Minister to form the government and introduce his program to the House of Representatives. If his government doesn’t get the confidence of the majority of the members of the House of Representatives within thirty days at the most, the president assigns a Prime Minister to be nominated by the party or the winning coalition, which won the majority of seats in the House of Representatives.

If his government doesn’t get the confidence of the majority of the members of the House of Representatives within thirty days, The Council is considered then dissolved and the president calls for the election of a new Parliament within sixty days from the date of the decision of the dissolving.

In all cases, the total periods of choice which is stated in this article, should not exceed 60 days. in the case of the dissolving of the House of Representatives. The Prime Minister forms his government, and its program and present it to the new House of Representatives in the first meeting.

In case of choosing the government from the party or the winning coalition that won the majority of seats in the House of Representatives, the President of the Republic in consultation with the Prime Minister, to choose the ministers of defense, interior, foreign affairs and justice.

Votes: 44 agree -abstentions: 3 – objection: 2.

Article 147: The President of the Republic to exempt the government from performing its work, subject to approval by the majority of the members of the House of Representatives, and the President of the Republic proceed a reshuffle after consultation with the Prime Minister and the approval of the House of Representatives by an absolute majority of those of the attendants and not less than one-third of the members of the Council.

Votes:  47 agree  -  objector: 2

Article 148: The President of the Republic may delegate some of his competences to the Prime Minister, or his deputies, or ministers, or the Conservatives, and it is not allowed for any of them to to delegate others, this as regulated by the law.

Approved by:  49 members, consensus.

Article ( 149): The President of the Republic calls the government for a meeting to consult on important matters, and presides the meeting which he will be attend.

Votes: approval: 49 votes, consensus.

Article (150): The President of the Republic in association with the Ministers Council, put the general policy of the state, and oversee its implementation, as described in the Constitution. The President may address a statement on the general policy of the state in front of the House of Representatives at the opening of its annual ordinary convention. The President may make statements, or addresses messages to the council.

Votes:  48 votes –  a member of abstention

Article (151) The President of the Republic represent the state in its foreign relations, and ratifies treaties, and countersigns them after the approval of the House of Representatives, and treaties get the force of law after publication in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.

Voters should be called for the referendum on the peace treaties and alliance, and what concern the rights of sovereignty, and they are not ratified until after the announcement of the result of the referendum’s approval. In all cases it is not allowed to ratify any treaty that violates the constitution provisions of the Constitution, or results in relinquishment of any part of the territory of the State

Votes: : 48 votes agree – did not participate: 1 member.

Article (152): The President is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, and do not declare war, nor sends armed forces in a combat mission outside the borders of the state, but after taking the opinion of the National Defense Council, and the approval of the House of Representatives by a majority of two-thirds of the members. If the House of Representatives is non-existent, the opinion of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces should be taken , and the approval of both the Ministers Council of Ministers and the National Defense Council.

Votes: 48 approval  – did not participate: 1 member.

Article (153): The President appoints civil employees, and military, and political representatives, and relieve them of their posts, and credence political representatives of the states and foreign bodies, according to the law.

Votes: 47 members approval – did not participate :  two members

Article (154): The President of the Republic declares the status of Emergency after taking the opinion of the Ministers Council, as regulated by the law. This declaration must be presented to the House of Representatives during the seven following days to decide what the council sees in its regard. If this declaration takes place in non-regular session, the council should be invited to convene immediately.

In All cases the majority of the council members should approve the state of emergency. And to be declared for a specified period not exceeding three months, and not extended but to another similar period with the approval of two-thirds of the members of the Council. If the Council does not exist, the issue should be presented to the Ministers Council for approval, to be presented to the new parliament in the first meeting. And the House of Representatives may not be dissolved during the validity of a state of emergency.

Votes: 48 members –  did not participate: 1 member.

Article (155): The President of the Republic May pardons a Punishment or reduces it, after taking the opinion of the Ministers Council. The full pardon may not be, but with a law and decided after the approval of the majority of the members of the House of Representatives.

Rating: 47 members – did not participate: 2.

Article (156): if it happened in non-regular session of the House of Representatives, what requires the acceleration in taking measures which can not be delayed, the president of the Republic calls the Council for an urgent convening in order to view the matter.

If the House of representatives does not exist, the President may issue laws decrees, to be presented and discussed and approved during the fifteen days from the the new council’s cession meeting. if not presented and discussed, or if submitted and not approved by the council, it is removed retroactively what it had of  power of law, without the need to issue a decision to do so, unless the Council approves the credence of its validity in the previous period, or settles what resulted of its effects.

Votes: 48 members agree – did not participate: 1.

Article (157): The President invites voters for a referendum on issues that relate to the supreme interests of the country, and not contrary to the provisions of the Constitution. And if the invitation for a referendum included more than one issue, the voting is on each and every one of them.

Votes: 47 agree –  did not participate: 2 members.

Article (158): The President submits his resignation to the House of Representatives, if the Council did not exist, he presents it to the General Assembly of the Supreme Constitutional Court.

Votes: 47 votes – did not participate: 2 members.

Article (159): The accusation of the president is by violating the provisions of the Constitution, or treason, or any other felony, based on the signed request by at least the majority of the parliament members. The indictment is not issued but by a majority of two-thirds of the members of the Council, and after an investigation by the General Attorney with the President, and if  he has hindrance, one of his deputies can replace him.

Once this decision is issued to stop the President of the Republic from his work,and this is considered a temporarily prohibitive that prevents him from the performance of his competences until a verdict is issue in the case.

The president is trialed before a special court headed by the Chief of the Supreme Judicial Court and the membership of the senior vice president of The Supreme Constitutional Court, and the Senior Deputy of the Vice President of the Council of State, and the senior two Chiefs of the appeal court.

The prosecutor handles the case in front of the Attorney General, and if one of them has hindrance, the one who replaces him is the one next in seniority, and the Court’s rulings are final and unappealable.

The law regulates  the procedures of investigation, trial, and if  the  President of the Republic is condemned, he is relieved of his position, without prejudice to other penalties.

Votes: 47 votes agree –  objection: 1 member –  did not participate: 1.

Article (160): If a temporary obstacle prevented the President of directing his authorities, the Prime Minister replaces him.

When the post of the President of the Republic is vacant due to resignation, death or permanent disability for work, the House of Representatives declare the presidency post’s vacancy. The declaration of the vacancy by a majority of  at least two thirds of the Members, if it was any other reason.

The House of Representatives notify the National Authority for the elections, and the Chief of the Parliament proceeds temporarily the authorities of the President. If the parliament does not exist, the General Assembly of the Supreme Constitutional Court and its president replaces the Parliament council and its president as stated.

In all cases, the new president must be elected in a period not exceeded ninety days from the date of the vacancy and the presidential period in this case from the date of the election’s result announcement.

The temporarily President doesn’t  run for this job’s candidacy, and not to ask to amend the Constitution, and not to replace the House of Representatives, and not to dismiss the government.

Votes: 47  approval –  did not participate: 3

Article (161): The House of Representatives may withdraw confidence from the President of the Republic, and conduct early presidential elections, based on a reasoned request and signed of at least by the majority of the members of the House of Representatives, and the approval of two-thirds of its members. This request May not presented t for the same reason during the presidential term, but only once.

Once the proposal to withdraw confidence is approved, the issue of confidence withdrawal from the president and running early presidential elections is posed for a referendum at the invitation of the Prime Minister. If confidence withdrawal approved by the majority’s decision, the president is exempted from his office and the post of the President of the Republic is vacant. And the early presidential elections run within sixty days from the date of announcement of the result of the referendum. If the result of the referendum rejected, the House of Representatives is dissolved, and the president of the Republic calls for the election of a new house of Representatives  within thirty days from the date of dissolution.

Votes: 42 approval – objecting: 5 –  abstention: 1

Article (162): if the post vacancy of the President of the Republic synchronizes with the referendum process, or election of the House of Representatives, precedence will be given to electing the president, and the Council continues until the completion of the election of the president.

Votes: 47 members agree –  abstentions: 1  Member.

Section II The Government

Article (163): The Government is the highest executive and administrative Institution in the State, and consists of the Prime Minister and his deputies, ministers and their deputies. The Prime Minister is the head of the government, and oversees its work, and guides it in the performance of its competences.

Votes: 48 votes approval – did not participate: 1 member.

Article (164): Whoever is appointed a Prime Minister, to be an Egyptian born to Egyptian parents, and not carry or his Wife citizenship of another country, and enjoys civil and political rights, and may served  in military service or got exempted by the law, and his age is not less than thirty-five years old in the date he is in charge of the post.

Whoever is appointed a member of the government, to be an Egyptian, enjoying civil and political rights that served military service or exempted by the law, age is 30 years old at least in the date he is in charge of the post.

May not be combined Membership of the government  and the membership of the House of Representatives, and if a house of representative member is appointed in the government, his seat in the house of representative is vacant from the date of his appointment in the government.

Votes: 45 members agree – Objection: 2 members – did not participate: 2 members.

Article (165): It is provided that the Prime Minister, and members of the Government to make the following Oath in front of the President of the Republic, before they take Office:”I swear by Almighty God to uphold the Republican system, to respect the Constitution and the law, and fully safeguard the interests of the people and to safeguard the country’s independence, unity and territorial integrity.”

Approval: 47 members agree –  did not participate: 2.

Article (166): The law determines the salary of the Prime Minister, and members of the Government, it is not allowed for any of them to receive any salary or other remuneration, it is not allowed to carry on throughout the duration of  their tenure, in particular, or through an intermediary, a freelancer profession, or a business, or financial, or industrial, not to buy, or rent any state funds, or any of the public law persons, or public sector companies, or public business sector, not to rent, or sell something of their money to them, nor should it be bartered, nor to enter into a contract with them, or the supply of, or contractor, or other.

It is void any of these behaviors. The Prime Minister and the members of the Government should provide financial disclosure when they take office, and when they leave, and in the end of each year, and publish the financial disclosure in the Official Newspaper.

If  any of them in particular or through mediation receive a gift of cash, or any other kind of gifts because of the post or the occasion of the post, the ownership of it goes to the State Treasury. All this as regulated by the law.

Votes: 48 members agree – did not participate: 1 member.

Article (167) The Government exercises In particular, the following functions:

1. Collaboration with the President of the Republic in the development of public policy of the state, and overseeing its implementation.

2. Maintaining the security of the homeland and the protection of citizens’ rights and interests of the state.

3. Guiding the work of ministries, agencies, public bodies and its affiliates, and coordination, and the follow-up.

4. Preparation of  laws draft and decisions.

5. Issuing administrative decisions according to the law, and follow up their implementation.

6. Preparation of the general draft plan for the state.

7. Prepare a draft of the state budget.

8. Contract loans, and granted them according to the provisions of the Constitution.

9. The implementation of laws.

Votes: 48 members approval – did not participate: 1 member

Article (168): The minister puts the policy of his ministry in coordination with the concerned authorities, and follow up their implementation, and guidance and control within the framework of the general policy of the state.

The senior management positions include for each ministry an undersecretary first, so as to ensure the achievement of institutional stability and raise the level of efficiency in the implementation of its policy.

Votes: 44 agree – objection: 2 members – did not participate: 3

Article (169): Any of the members of the government may address a statement in front of the House of Representatives, or one of its committees, about a subject that is included in his competence and he discusses his statement with the council or the Committee of this statement, and state what he sees about it.

Votes:  48  approval – did not participate: 1 member.

Article (170): Prime Minister issues the necessary regulations to implement the laws without disabling, or modification, or exemption from execution, and he may delegate others in issuing it, unless the law issues necessary regulations to implement it.

Votes:: 49 agree – consensus.

Article (171): Prime Minister issues necessary decisions for the construction of facilities and public interests and organization, after approval by the Council of  Ministers.

Votes: 42 agree – did not participate: 7 members.

Article (172): The Prime Ministers issues regulations control after approval by the Council of Ministers.

Votes:: 46 votes agree – did not participate: 3 members.

Article (173 ) Prime Minister and members of the government are subject to the general rules governing the procedures for the investigation and trial, in case of crimes committed during the exercise of their functions or because  their employments, leaving their posts or continue exercising their posts, does not preclude their prosecution.

And applied in accusing them of the crime of high treason , The provisions contained in Article 159 of the Constitution are applied on them, regarding crimes’s accusation of high treason.

Votes: 45 agree – objector: 1 member – did not participate: 3.

Article ( 174 ) If the Prime Minister resigns, he must submit a letter of resignation to the President of the Republic, and if one of the ministers presented his resignation, he should submit it to the Prime Minister .

Votes: 48 votes – did not participate: 1 member .

Section III Local Administration

Article ( 175 ): The State divides into administrative units enjoying legal personality including, the provinces, cities, villages  and may create other administrative units to have legal personality if the public interest requires so. Taking into account when creating or modifying or cancelling the border between local units, the economic and social conditions, all as regulated by law.

Approval: 48 approval – and 1 member did not vote.

Article (176 ): The State  guarantees support of  administration decentralization and financial and economic, and the law regulates the means to enable administrative units of  providing local facilities and its advancement, and well-managed, and determines the timetable for the transfer of powers and budgets to local unites administration.

Votes: Approval of 48 members – Did not vote: 1 member.

Article ( 177 ): The State ensures the provision of what local units need of scientific assistance, and technical, and administrative, and financial, and ensures equitable distribution of facilities, services, and resources, and approximates the levels of development, and the achievement of social justice between these units, as regulated by the law.

Votes: Approval: 48 votes – did not vote: 1 member.

Article (178 ): Local unites Have independent financial budgets, enters in its resources what the State allocates of resources, and taxes and fees of original and additional local nature, and applies the rules to its fees collection, and the followed procedures of the state funds collection. All this in a way that is organized by the law .

Votes: 47 approval – did not vote: 2 member.

Article ( 179 ): The law regulates the conditions and manner of the appointment or election of governors, and heads of other local administrative units, and define their competences.

Votes: approval : 47 votes – Objection: 1 – did not vote: 2 members.

Article ( 180 ): Each local unit elects a council by direct secret ballot  for a period of four years, and requires that the candidate is not less than the age of twenty-one years old. And the law regulates the other candidacy terms to run for elections and the election procedures.

Conditioned to allocate a quarter of the number of seats for young people under the age of thirty-five years old, and a quarter of the number for women, but the representation percentage of workers and peasants is not less than fifty percent of the total number of seats, and this percentage includes appropriate representation for Christians and people with disability.

And the local councils specialize in following up the implementation of the plan development, and monitor the various activities, and exercise controls on the executive authority, of suggestions, and addressing questions, and requests for briefings and interviews and others. And  the withdrawal of confidence from the heads of the local units, as regulated by the law. The law defines the terms of the other local units competences, and its financial resources and guarantees of its independence and its members.

Votes:: approval of 45 members – objection: 3 members – did not participate: 1 member.

Article (181 ): The resolutions issued by the local council in the frame of its competences, are final. And executive authority may not interfere in it, but to prevent the Council’s from overriding these limits, or damage to the public interest, or the interests of other local units councils.

When a dispute takes place over the competences of the local councils of villages or centers or cities, the local council of the governorate resolves it. In the case of the dispute over the competences of the governorates local councils, the general assembly of advisory and legislation of the state council resolves it,, as regulated by the law.

Votes: approval of 48 members –  did not participate: 1 vote.

Article ( 182 ): Each local council sets its budget and final accounts, as regulated by the law .

Votes: Approval by 48 members.

Article (183 ): The local councils may not be dissolved by a  comprehensive administrative procedure. The law regulates the way to dissolve any of them, and its re-election.

-Approval: Consensus

Chapter III The Judiciary Authority Section I ( General Provisions )

Article ( 184 ): The judiciary Authority is independent, handled by different kinds and levels of courts, and its issuance of  judgments in accordance with the law, and the law shows its competences, and interference in justice and courts cases affairs, is a crime no statute of  limitations.

Votes: 48 agree – did not participate: 1 member.

Article ( 185 ): Each entity, or judicial institution is based on its own affairs, and each has its own independent budget, debated by the House of Representatives of its full elements, and after approving its full elements, it gets inserted in the general budget of the State as a single figure, and it is consulted on the laws draft that are regulating its affairs.

Votes: 47 members agree  -  abstention: 1 member

Article ( 186 ): Judges are independent and can not be removed, no authority over them but the law, they are equal in rights and duties, and the law defines the conditions and procedures for their appointment, and secondment, and retirement, and regulates their accountability disciplinary, and may not be reassigned in whole or in part, except for entities and works prescribed by the law, and all this in order to preserve the independence of the judiciary and the judges and their impartiality, and prevent conflicts of interest. The Law defines the rights and duties and their prescribed safeguards.

Approval: 46 agree – objection: 2 members – abstention: 1 member.

Article (187 ): Courts hearings are public, unless the court decides its confidentiality in consideration of public order, or morality, and in all cases, the verdict is declared in open session.

Votes: 49  ” consensus ”

Section II

The judiciary and the public prosecution

Article ( 188 ): The judiciary is competent to adjudicates all disputes and crimes, except for what is specific to other judicial competency, and adjudicates without others in disputes relating to the affairs of its members, and its affairs are administrated by highest council and the law regulates its composition and competences.

Votes: 49 agree  ” consensus ”

Article ( 189 ): The Public Prosecution is an integral part of the judiciary, conducting the investigation, and moves and directs the criminal case except what is exempted by the law, the law defines the terms of its other competences .

And The Public Prosecution General Attorney is chosen by the Supreme Judicial Council, from among the Vice Presidents of the Cassation Court, or heads of courts of appeal, or prosecutors assistants, and he is appointed by a decision from the President of the Republic for a period of four years, or for the remaining period until he reaches the age of retirement, whichever is earlier, but only once throughout the duration of his work.

Votes: 49 members agree, ” consensus ”

Section III The State Judiciary Council

Article ( 190 ) The State Council is an independent judiciary entity, adjudicates without others in administrative disputes, and disputes execution on all its provisions, as well as the adjudicate of lawsuits and disciplinary appeals, and handles alone the advisory opinion shall alone in legal matters determined by the law, and reviewing and drafting law projects and resolutions which have legislative description, and Review projects contracts which the state or one of the public bodies is a party in it, and the law defines its other competences.

Votes: 41 agree – objecting : 7 member  -  abstention: 1 member

Section IV

The Supreme Constitutional Court

Article ( 191 ): The Supreme Constitutional Court is a judicial independent body, stand-alone, based in the city of Cairo, and may if necessary to be held anywhere else in the country, with the approval of the court’s General Assembly of the Court, and have an independent budget, its full elements are debated by the House of Representatives, it gets inserted in the general budget of the State as a single figure, and the General Assembly is based on its own affairs, and it is consulted on the laws draft that are regulating the affairs of the court.

Votes:  47 members –  objection: 2 members.

Article ( 192 ): The Supreme Constitutional Court handles without others, the judicial control on the constitutionality of the laws, regulations, and the interpretation of legislative texts, and the settlement of  disputes relating to its members affairs, and in the conflict of jurisdiction competency between the judicial bodies, and bodies that have jurisdiction’s competence, and the adjudicate in the conflict which is based on the implementation of  Two final contradictory judgments, one of them is issued by any side of  the judicial sides, or body of competent jurisdiction, and the other is from another side of it, and disputes relating to the implementation of its provisions, and decisions issued by them.

The law determines the other competences of the court, and regulates the procedures to be followed before the court.

Approval: 49 members agree ” consensus ”

Article ( 193 ): The court Constitutes of the head of the court, and sufficient number of Vice-President. And the Commissioners authority in the Court is formed of a president and a sufficient number of presidents in the Authority, consultants, advisers and advisers assistants.

And the General Assembly chooses the President of the Court from among the oldest of three Vice-President of the Court, and chooses Vice-Presidents, and commissioners member, and they get appointed by a decision from the President of the Republic, all as set forth by the law. Votes: 48 agree  – objection: 1 member.

Article ( 194 ): President and Vice-President of the Supreme Constitutional Court, the President and members and Commissioners, are independent and not be removed , nor there is any authority over them but the law, and the law prescribes the conditions required of them, and the court is held accountable for their disciplinary questioning in the manner prescribed by the law, and applies with respect to them all the rights and the duties and prescribed guarantees to members of the judiciary Authority.

Votes: 49 agree, ” consensus “.

Article ( 195 ): The  judgments and the decisions issued by the Supreme Constitutional Court are Published in the Official Newspaper, and they are binding on all and on all state’s authorities and have absolute authoritative for them.

The law regulates the consequences on the judgment regarding the unconstitutionality of legislative’s text effects.

Votes: 49 agree, ” consensus ”

Section V

Judicial bodies

Article ( 196 ): The cases of the State are independent judicial body, acting on behalf of the State in raising lawsuits cases by the state or on the state, and in the proposal of amicably settlement at any stage of the litigation, and Technical Supervision on departments of Legal Affairs in the administrative body of the state for undertaken by litigation, and it formulates drafts contracts which are referred to it by the administrative authorities and the state is a party in it, and all of this as regulated by the law.

The law defines its other competences, and its members have all the guarantees and the rights and the duties decided to the members of the judiciary authority, the law regulates their disciplinary accountability.

Votes: 42 members –  abstentions: 3 – did not participate: 4 members.

Article ( 197 ): The Administrative Prosecution is an independent judicial body, It investigates financial and administrative irregularities, and those referred to it. and regarding these irregularities, it has the vested authorities in the administration body to inflict disciplinary penalties, and Challenging its decisions takes place before the competent disciplinary court at the State Council. It also initiates and conducts proceedings and disciplinary appeals before the State Council courts, all this in accordance with the law.

The law determines all its other competences, and its members have guarantees and rights and duties assigned to members of the judiciary and the law organizes their disciplinary accountability.

Votes: 42 members agree – abstentions: 4 members – objection: 2 members – did not participate: 2 members.

Section VI

Attorney

Article (198 ): The Law Practice is a free profession, participates with the judiciary authority in achieving Justice and the rule of law, and to ensure the right of defense, and the lawyer practices the attorney independently, as well as lawyers of bodies and public sector companies and public business sector. The lawyers all together enjoy during practicing the defense right before the courts, guarantees and protection which have been decided to them in the law that also apply to them before investigation bodies and trial authorities.

Except in cases of flagrante delicto, it is prohibited to arrest or to detain the lawyer while exercising his right of defense, and all this as prescribed by the law.

Approval: 37 agree  -  abstention: 6 members  – objection: 5 members.

Section VII Experts Article ( 199 )

Judicial experts, and forensic experts, and notary public are independent in the performance of their work, and enjoy the guarantees and protection required for the performance of their work, as regulated by the law.

Votes: 45 agree –  abstention: 2 members – objection: 2 members

Chapter IV Armed Forces and Police

The first section ( The Armed Forces )

Article ( 200 ): The Armed forces belong to the people, its mission to protect the country and preserve its security and territorial integrity, and the state alone creates these forces, and it is prohibited that any individual or body or group to create forms or groups or  military or paramilitary organizations. And the Armed forces have a higher council, as regulated by the law.

Votes on the above article out of 50 members:  49 members agree, Approval: consensus.

Article ( 201 ): The Minister of Defense is the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, appointed among its officers.

Votes on this article out of 50 members: 47 votes agree – Abstention: 1 – objection: 1.

Article (202): The law regulates the public mobilization, and shows the conditions of service, promotion and retirement in the Armed forces. The competent judicial committees for officers and individuals of the armed forces, without others, to adjudicate all administrative disputes which concern the decisions issued in their regards, and the law regulates the rules and procedures of appeal against the decisions of these committees.

Votes on this article out of 50 members: 49 agree   – ” consensus ”

Section II

National Defense Council

Article ( 203 )

The National Defense Council  is created by the President of the Republic, the membership of the Prime Minister,the President of the House of Representatives, and the Ministers of,  defense, foreign affairs, finance, interior, and the head of the General Intelligence Service, and the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, and the leaders of the Navy, and the Air Defense, and the chief of operations body of armed forces and the director of military intelligence.

The council’s competences are related to private affairs means to secure the country, and its safety, and to discuss the budget of the armed forces, and to be included as a single figure in the state general budget, and the Council’s opinion is taken in the draft laws relating to the armed forces. The law defines its other competences.

When discussing the budget, it includes the chief of financial affairs body of the armed forces, the two Presidents of the Plan and Budget Committees and Defense and National Security Council in the Egyptian Parliament.

The President of the Republic calls who he sees among relevant expertise and experts to attend the meeting of the council without having a countable vote.

Votes out of 50 members:  48 members agree –  objector: 1

Section III Military court

Article ( 204 )

Military Judiciary is independent judiciary body, Specialized without the others, to adjudicate in all crimes related to the Armed Forces and its officers and personnel and the like, and crimes committed by members of the General Intelligence while or because of the service.

It is Prohibited to trial any civilian in front of the Military Judiciary, except in the crimes that represent a direct assault on military establishments or camps of the armed forces or the like, or military areas or planned borders as well, or military equipment or vehicles or weapons or ammunition, or documents or military secrets or military public funds or military factories, or crimes related to recruitment, or crimes that represent a direct assault against its officers or its individuals because of performing their  jobs .

The law defines such crimes, and clarifies other competences of military judiciary. And members of the Military Judiciary are independent can not be dismissed, and  they may have all the guarantees, rights and decided duties of members of the  judiciary Authority.

Votes out of 50 members: 41 votes approved –  Objection : 6 – Abstention: 1

Section IV

National Security Council

Article ( 205 )

The National Security Council is created and presided by the President of the Republic, and the membership of the Prime Minister and the President of the House of Representatives, and the ministers of defense, interior, and foreign affairs, finance,  justice, health, communications, education, and the head of the General Intelligence, and the President of the Committee on Defense and National Security of the Council of Representatives.

The council is competent in deciding strategies to achieve the security of the country, and disasters of all kinds, and crises of all kinds , and take action to contain it, and identify the sources of danger to Egyptian national security inside and outside , and proceedures needed to address them on both official and popular levels .

The Council may invite whoever is seen as relevant expertise and competent  to attend its meetings without having their votes counted. The law determines its other competences and and its work system.

Votes: 48 agree  – did not participate: 1 member.

Section V

Police

Article ( 206 ): The police is a civil statutory body, in the service of the people, and their loyalty to the people, and ensures citizens trust and security and ensures the preservation of public order and public morality, and it is committed to the obligations applied on it by the law and the constitution in doing their duties, and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the State guarantees the performance of the members of the police regarding their duties, and organizes law guarantees to ensure this.

Votes: : 47 votes  approval – did not participate: 3 members.

Article ( 207 ): The Supreme Police Council is formed from among the most senior officers of the police force body, and the competent Chief of the advisory opinion in the State Council, The Council is competent in assisting the Minister of Interior in organizing the police body and manages the affairs of its members. The law defines Its other competences, and its opinion is consulted in any laws in relation to it.

Votes: 48 votes – did not participate: 1  member. Chapter V

The National Commission for Elections

Article ( 208 )

The National Commission for the election is an independent body, specializes without others in managing referendums and presidential elections, and parliamentary, and local, starting from preparing a data base for voters and its updating, and proposes constituencies division, and determines controls of publicity and funding, and electoral expenditure and its announcement, and its supervision, and to facilitate the voting procedures of Egyptians living abroad, and other procedures until the announcement of the result. All of this is as regulated by the law.

Votes: approval of 47 members objection: 1 member – did not participate: 1 member.

Article ( 209 ): The management of the National Elections body is administrated by a council composed of ten members equally seconded among  the Vice-Presidents of the Court of Cassation, and the heads of the courts of appeal, and the Vice-Chairman of the State council, and the State Litigation Authority, and the Administrative Prosecution, selected by the Supreme Judicial Council, and the private councils of commissions and judicial authorities advanced as the case, without its members. They are appointed by the decision of the President of the Republic. And they are entirely assigned to work in the authority for one term of six years, and it is chaired by the oldest members of the Court of Cassation. And half of the council’s members are replaced every three years .

The Commission may seek the assistance of those who are seen as public independent figures, specialists, and relevant expertise in the field of elections without the right to vote. The Commission has a permanent executive body defines the law and its composition, and the operating system, and the rights and duties of its members and their guarantees, so as to achieve their neutrality, independence and impartiality.

Votes: Approval: 48 votes – without objection or abstention  – only one member didn’t vote.

Article ( 210 ): The management of the polling, counting in referendums and elections are managed by affiliated members of the commission under the supervision of its Board council, and it may use the assistance of the members of the judicial bodies.

The polling and counting in the elections and referendums running in the following ten years to the date of this Constitution becomes effective, under the full supervision of the members and judicial bodies, and as set out by the the law.

The Supreme Administrative Court is competent to adjudicates challenges against the Commission’s decisions relating to the referendums, presidential elections and parliamentary elections and their results. Challenges against local elections to be filed before the Administrative judicial Court. The law defines dates to file challenges against these decisions provided that it will be finally adjudicated within ten days from the date of filing the challenges.

Votes: 48 members approved without objections or abstention – only one member did not vote.

Chapter VI

The Supreme Council for the Media

Article ( 211 ): The Supreme Council for the organization of the media is an independent body with legal personality and it is technically, financially and administratively independent,  and its budget is independent.

The Council organizes the affairs of audiovisual media, and regulation of the printed press, digital, and others.

The council is responsible for ensuring the protection of freedom of the press and media prescribed by the constitution, and to preserve its independence and neutrality and pluralism and diversity and to prevent monopolistic practices, and monitor the safety of funding sources of press and media institutions, and put controls and necessary standards to ensure that the press and media are committed to the profession ethics and moralities, and the requirements of national security, and as prescribed by the law .

The law defines the formation of the Council, and the work system, and functional conditions of its workers. The Council is to be consulted in the laws drafts, and the regulations related to its work field.

Votes: approval of 47 members – objected: 1 member – did not vote: 1 member.

Article (212): The National Commission of the Press is an independent body, it is based on journalistic institutions management owned by the state, and to develop it and to develop its assets, and to ensure its modernization and its independence, and its impartiality commitment, and its commitment to the professional performance, and administrative, and economic standards.

The law determines the formation of it, and the system work, and functional conditions of their workers. And it is consulted in the laws drafts, and the regulations related to its work field.

Votes: Approval by 45 votes – did not vote: 3 members.

Article ( 213 ): The National Media Association is independent. It manages television, radio and digital media outlets owned by the State, and undertakes their development and their assets, and ensures their independence and neutrality and their commitment to the professional performance and administrative and economic standards. The law determines the composition of the association and its operating system and the conditions of employment for its staff. And the association is consulted in the laws drafts, and regulations related to its work field.

Votes: approval by 45 votes – did not participate: 3 members – abstention: 1 member. Chapter VII

National Councils

And independent bodies and regulatory bodies

The first section ( The National Councils )

Article ( 214 ): The law defines the independent national councils, including the National Council for Human Rights, the National Council for Women and the National Council for Childhood and Motherhood, and the National Council for Persons with Disabilities, and the law shows how to form each of them, and its terms competences, and guarantees of independence and neutrality of its members, and has the right to inform the public authorities about any violation relates to their work field.

And these councils enjoy legal personality and technical, financial and administrative independence, and they are consulted on laws drafts and regulations which relates to them and their work fields.

Votes: 43 voice approval – objection: 3 members – and did not participate : 3 members.

Section II

Independent  Bodies and Regulatory Agencies

Article ( 215 ): The law defines independent bodies and regulatory agencies. And these bodies and agencies enjoy legal personality, and technical , financial and administrative  independence, and consulted on the draft laws, and regulations related to their work field. Among these bodies and agencies is the Central Bank and the General Authority for Financial Control, and the Central Auditing Organization, the Administrative Control Authority .

Votes: approval of  47  members – did not vote: 2 members.

Article ( 216 ): For the creation of each independent body or regulatory agency, a law is issued defining its competencies, regulating its work and stipulating guarantees for its independence and the necessary protection for its employees and the rest of their employments conditions, to ensure their neutrality and independence.

The President of the Republic appoints the heads of independent bodies and regulatory agencies upon the approval of the House of Representatives with a majority of its members for a period of four years, for renewable once. They are not relieved from their posts except in cases defined by the law. The prohibitions applied to them are the same that are applicable on the ministers.

Votes: approval of 46 members – did not vote: 3 members.

Article ( 217 ): The independent bodies and the regulatory agencies, provide annual reports to the President of the Republic and the House of Representatives, and the President of the Ministers Council, once they are issued.

The House of Representatives consider these annual reports and take appropriate action on towards them in a period not exceeding four months from the receiving date and publish these annual reports for the public opinion.

The independent bodies and regulatory agencies inform the competent investigation authorities of what they may discover as violations or crimes and they take the necessary measures regarding these reports within a specified period, and this is in accordance with the provisions of the law.

Votes: approval of 48 members- did not vote: 1 member.

Article ( 218 ): The state is committed to fight corruption, and the law specifies independent bodies and regulatory Agencies competent to do so.

Competent oversight bodies and agencies are committed to coordinate with one another in fighting corruption, and enhancing the values of impartiality and transparency in order to ensure the good performance of public functions and to preserve public funds, and to implement and follow up on the national strategy for fighting corruption in collaboration with other competent control concerned bodies and agencies, and this in the manner organized by the law.

Approval: 44 members agree – objection: 2 members – abstention: 1 member – did not vote: 2 members.

Article ( 219 ): The Central Auditing is competent of oversight of state funds, and public legal persons, and other bodies determined by the law, and monitor the implementation of the state general budget and the independent budgets, and review its final accounts.

Approval: 45 members agree – abstentions: 2 – did not vote: 2 members.

Article ( 220 ): The Central Bank is competent of putting cash and credits and banks policies, and supervise its implementation, and monitor the performance of the banking system, and the central bank is exclusively entitled to issue banknotes, and works on the monetary and banking system’s safety, and the stability of prices within the general political and economical framework of the state, as regulated by the law.

Approval: approved by 46 votes  – did not vote: 3 members.

Article ( 221 ) The financial supervisory authority is Specialized of monitoring and supervising the markets and non-banking financial tools, including capital markets and futures exchanges stock markets, and insurance activities, and real estate funding , financial leasing, factoring and securitization, and all this as organized by the law.

Approval: approval by 44 votes – did not vote: 5 members.

Part VI General provisions and transitional

Chapter I ( general provisions )

Article ( 222 ): The city of Cairo is the capital of  Egypt.

Votes: 48 votes approval – did not participate: 1 member.

Article ( 223 ): The national flag of the Arab Republic of Egypt is composed of three colors which are black, white, red, and has an eagle taken from the “eagle of Saladin” painted with a golden yellow, and the law defines the emblem of the Republic, and decorations, and insignia, and seal, and the national anthem. And insulting the Egyptian flag is a crime punishable by the law.

Votes: approval by 47 votes – did not participate: 2 members.

Article ( 224 ): All provisions of laws and regulations prior to the issuance of the Constitution, remain in power, and not to be modified, or cancelled except in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed in the Constitution. The State is committed to issue laws implementing the provisions of this Constitution.

Approval: 48 agree  – did not participate: 1 member.

Article ( 225 ) : The Laws are published in the Official newspaper within fifteen days from the date of the laws issuance , and work out after thirty days from the following day of the publication date, unless another date is specified. The Provisions of the laws apply only from the date they are being workable with. However, it may be in other than criminal or taxes related matters, the text in the law is opposite to this, with approval of majority of two-third of the house or representatives members.

-Votes: 47 votes approval –  abstention: 1 member.

Article ( 226 ): The President of the Republic, or one-fifth of the members of the House of Representatives, may request to amend an article, or more from the Constitution’s article, and the request must state the articles to be amended, and the reasons for the amendment.

In all cases, the House of Representatives  discuss the amendment request within thirty days from the date of receipt, the council issue its decision to accept the request in whole, or in partially by the majority of its members.

If the application is rejected, the request may not be repeated again with the same articles amendments request  before the term of the next session, and if the council approve the amendment request, the council discuss the articles texts to be amended after sixty days from the date of approval, if the modification is approved by two-thirds of the members of the Council, it is presented to the people for  referendum during the thirty days from the date of issuance of this approval, the amendment is effective from the date of  the result announcement, and the approval of a majority of the valid votes the participants in the referendum.

In all cases, the texts of re-electing the President, or the freedom’s principles or equality may not be amended, unless the amendment relates to more guarantees .

Approval: 42 agree – objected: 4 members -abstention: 1 member – did not participate: 1 member.

Article ( 227 ): The Constitution and its preamble and all its texts form a well-knit fabric that is non-divisible and its provisions are integrated in one coherent unit.

Votes:: 46 agree – abstention: 3 – did not participate: 1 member.

Chapter II Transitional Provisions

Article ( 228 ): The Supreme Committee for Elections, and the Committee of the presidential elections existing at the date of this constitution being workable, the full supervision on the first legislative elections and next presidential elections to work with, The funds of both committees is reverted to the National Commission for elections as soon as it is formed.

Votes: 47 members agree out of the total of 49 members

Article ( 229 ): The House of Representatives elections to follow the date of this constitution when it becomes to effect, according to the provisions of article 102 of the current constitution

Votes:: 27 votes agreeing –  objection: 18 – declined: 3

Article ( 230 ): The presidential elections and the house of representatives elections to proceed according to the law, the first elections to proceed within a period not less than 30 days and does not exceed 90 days from the date this constitution becomes in effect and in all cases the second elections to proceed within 6 month from the date this constitution is being in effect.

The presidential elections procedures begin within max thirty days from the first cession of the House of Representatives.

Votes: approved: 12 members – objected: 33 – did not vote: 13

Article ( 231 ): The term of the presidency following the work of this Constitution from the date of elections final result’s announcement.

Approval: 45 agree

Article ( 232 ): The Interim President continues to exercise the authorities stipulated for the president in the constitution until the elected president make the constitutional oath.

Approval: 47 agree  – objector: 1 – did not participate: 1 member.

Article ( 233 ): If a temporary obstacle directly prevent the Interim President of exercising his authorities, the Prime Minister replaces him. When the post of the Interim President becomes vacant, for  resignation, death or permanent disability from work, or for any other reason, the most senior Vice-President of the Supreme Constitutional Court replaces him by the same authorities.

-Votes:: 47 agree – objector: 1- did not participate: 1 member. Article 234: The Appointment of the Ministry of Defense takes place after the approval of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, and the provisions of this Article is applied to full two presidential terms as of the date of the constitution becomes in effect.

Approval: 43 agree  – objector: 1 member – abstention: 2 members.

Article ( 235 ): The Parliament issues in its first cession role after this Constitution becomes workable, a law to regulate the construction and renovation of churches, so as to ensure the freedom of Christians to practice their religious rites .

Approval: 42 agree – did not vote: 2 – objected: 2

Article ( 236 ): The State ensures putting and executing a plan for the economy development and the overall urban border areas and disadvantaged areas, including upper Egypt, Sinai, Matrouh, of the Nubian areas, and this with the participation of people in development projects and the priority to take advantage of these projects, taking into account the cultural patterns and environmental impacts of the local community, within ten years from the date of this Constitution becomes in effect, and this as regulated by law.

The State is working to develop and implement projects to restore the population of the Nubia to their areas of origin and its development within ten years, so as regulated by the law .

-Approval : 41 agree – did not vote: 2 members – Objected: 2 members.

Article ( 237 ): The state is committed to confront terrorism in all its forms and types, and track sources of funding as a threat to the homeland and citizens, with guarantees of the rights and public freedoms, according to a specific timetable. The law regulates the provisions and procedures in fighting against terrorism and the fair compensation for the damage caused from it and because of it.

Votes: 40 votes  – refused: 7 members – did not participate: 2 members.

Article (238): The State guarantees the implementation of its commitment to allocate the minimum rates of government spending on education, higher education, health and scientific research prescribed in this Constitution gradually as of the constitutions effective date, It shall be fully committed to it in the state budget of the fiscal year 2016/2017.

The state is committed to provide compulsory education until the completion of the secondary stage in a gradually to be completed in the school year 2016/2017.

Approval: 42 votes – objected: 2 members – abstention : 2 members

Article ( 239 ): The House Of Representatives issue a law to organize the rules of the assignment of judges and members of the authorities and judicial bodies, to ensure the abolition of the total and partial delegation of non- judicial bodies or committees of jurisdiction or for the Administration of Justice affairs or the supervision of elections, and this within a period not exceeding five years from the date of this Constitution becomes effected.

Approval: 45 agree – objected: 2 members – did not participate: 3 members.

Article ( 240 ): The State ensures the provision of material and human resources related to the resumption of the provisions of judgments in criminal courts, and this within ten years from the date of this Constitution becomes effected, as organized by the law.

Approval: 46 approval

Article ( 241 ): The House of Representatives is committed in his first role after this Constitution becomes in effect, to issue a law to ensure transitional justice to uncover the truth, and accountability, and suggests frameworks for national reconciliation, and to compensate the victims, in accordance with international standards.

Votesl: 43 approval

Article ( 242 ): Works continue with the existing system of local administration, till the system stipulated in the constitution is applied gradually within five years from its effective date, and without prejudice to the provisions of Article (181 ) of this Constitution.

Votes: 46 approval – did not vote: 1 member – objected: 1 members.

Article ( 243 ): The State works on representing the labors and peasants appropriately in the first elected  Deputies Council after this constitution is adopted, so as prescribed by the law.

Votes:  approved 33 votes  – objection: 13 members – abstention 2 members

Article (244): The State works to represent the youth and Christians and persons with disabilities and Egyptian living abroad appropriately in the first elected Deputies Council after this constitution is adopted, so as prescribed by the law.

Votes: approved by 27 members – objected : 18 members – abstention: 2 members.

Article ( 245 ): The Shura Council workers who are in service in the date of this constitution becomes workable, to be moved to the house of  Representatives, with their same degrees, and their seniority which they occupy at that date, their salaries to be kept, allowances, bonuses, and other financial rights prescribed to them in personal capacity, and and funds of the Shura Council is fully reverted to the House of Representatives.

Votes: 49 approved consensus

Article ( 246 ): The Constitutional Declaration issued on the sixth of July 2013 , and the Constitutional Declaration issued on the eighth of July 2013 , and any constitutional texts or provisions contained in the Constitution of 2012 and was not included in this constitutional document is considered void from the date it became workable , and remain in force what resulted as their consequent effects.

Votes: 47 members  – did not participate: 3 members.

Article ( 247 ): This constitutional document is workable from the date of the announcement by the consent of the people in the referendum, and a majority of the number of valid votes for the participants.

Votes: 49 approved consensus.

The source of this article: The final draft of year 2013 Egyptian Constitution amendments issued and approved by the fifty comitee published on Youm7 Newspaper dated December 1, 2013.

http://www.emannabih.com/english-translation-of-the-egyptian-constitution-2013-long-live-egypt/

One can’t argue with her comments though it appears that the blame has shifted to all of the USA rather than just Obama and his administration. Sisi is proving himself quite brilliant here, and even Machiavellian. I haven’t seen the evidence of Sisi protecting the Copts yet – though he’s verbalized rebuilding the Churches which were destroyed.

I read the translation, and while a huge improvement over the Muslim Brotherhood’s Islamic rantings though I wouldn’t like to live under it. I think it will bring misery and another revolution. I admire the people of Egypt and their determination and wish them nothing but good will.

UPDATE: I’ve been notified by the author of the translation above that she’s made corrections to better understand – see comment. Please click to her blog rather than reading the old version here. Thanks.

PS: I thought this current translation just fine but will check on Eman’s blog later myself.  I don’t usually approve any comments on my blog but making a temporary exception in this case.